Which two protocols listed operate in Real-Time?

The correct answer identifies G.711 and T.38 as protocols that operate in real-time.

G.711 is a widely used audio codec in Voice over IP (VoIP) communications. It encodes and decodes audio signals in a way that supports real-time voice transmission, allowing for high-quality voice conversations without noticeable delays, which is crucial for effective communication.

T.38, on the other hand, is a protocol specifically designed for fax transmissions over IP networks. It allows real-time faxing, ensuring that documents are sent and received promptly, minimizing the chances of transmission errors and integrating well with VoIP systems.

Both of these protocols are critical in environments where real-time transmission is necessary, enabling seamless communication and efficient data exchange, whether for voice calls or fax.

The reason other options are not correct lies in their functionalities and the scenarios they are designed to address. For instance, V.34 is a modem protocol used for transmitting data over telephone lines, but it does not operate in real-time in the same way that G.711 and T.38 do. Similar distinctions apply to the other protocols mentioned, as they are not primarily focused on providing immediate, real-time services like those offered by G.711 and T.38.